The Woodspurge Poem Analysis

The wind flapped loose, the wind was still, Shaken out dead from tree and hill; I had walked on at the wind’s will – I sat now, for the wind was still.Between my knees my forehead was – My lips, drawn in, said not Alas! My hair was over in the grass, My naked ears heard the day pass.My eyes, wide open, had the run Of some ten weeds to fix upon; Among those few out of the sun, The woodspurge flowered, three cups in one.From perfect grief there need not be Wisdom or even memory; One thing then learnt remains to me – The woodspurge has a cup of three.Illustration This poem took place in hill where the trees are shaken out by the wind and a field of grass where the man in this poet saw woodspurge as one of the ten weeds and grieving for his problem all day along as the wind blown. The poet described a visual imagery by points out what that man can see while grieving in field, such as in ninth and tenth line : â€Å"My eyes, wide open, had the run†Ã¢â‚¬Å "Of some ten weeds to fix upon;† The tactile imagery also can be found in seventh line â€Å"My hair was over in the grass† the touch’s feel can be sensed when his hair is over the grass as he put his head to rest on it. Kinesthetic imagery, this motion happened when the man bent his head on to between his knees until his forehead touch  those knees in fifth line, shows a grieving gesture.The word â€Å"wind† in first stanza is a metaphore from a word â€Å"spirit† or more likely a â€Å"determination†, the wind itself got a personification in third line, where the poet wrote â€Å"I had walked on at the wind’s will –.† By stating that a wind could have a will like a people. Ironically, this man seems lack of determination, he only move to somewhere as the wind guide him and stopped when the wind is gone.General MeaningIt is about a man that covered with sadness and he seems lack of resolve, his body only move as the wi nd blows to somewhere else, until he found a bloomed woodspurge that makes him at ease.Detailed MeaningBefore we going more deeper in detailed meaning, it might be wise to review the trivia fact about Dante’s poem especially The Woodspurge. This poem were made approximately between 1828 – 1882, the period where Victorian’s were arisen. Meanwhile, in the year 1848, there was a movement by a group named â€Å"Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood† and Dante was also one of the founder of this group.The group’s intention is none other than to reject social-political theme in literary works and this group also established Aestheticism movement, in the meaning of aestheticism â€Å"as early as 1750, when the German philosopher, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, in his Aesthetica, used it to identify a separate branch of philosophy. He transformed the original Greek usage of the word, applied to things perceived by the senses, into criticism of taste concerned exclus ively with beauty.† (Denney 38). So, their’s intention was to make a literary works become more â€Å"aesthetic† by reject the social-political theme.Due to its a poem full with aesthetic aspects, let’s evaluate it from top to bottom. â€Å"The wind flapped loose, the wind was still,† with such words for an opening in first line, we can considered it is truly a sentence with aestheticism’s beauty. Why so? It said that the wind flapped loose, those words â€Å"flapped† and â€Å"loose† are contradicts for each other. Flapped means flutter, throb or thrashing which means it is conducted with so much power, on the other hand, the word loose means not tight, unconstrained and relaxed.A powerful wind with relaxed feeling, it made the readers will  feel the peculiar sensation by read it in matched tone, then it said that the wind was still. Wind, however, is a moving air and Dante wrote the wind with capabality to stand still, it ju st bring the imagination to the whole new level and violates the wind’s law for suited to stagnate. It is still acceptable in literary works and we can admire more the nature by imagining something that nature are not competent to, though.â€Å"Shaken out dead from tree and hill;† for the second line, it might have a denotation like this; the winds shaken out dead from tree and hill. This may have a meaning that the winds able to cleanse the ‘dead’ from tree and hill because shaken out have a meaning uncluttered, to cleanse and the word ‘dead’ might a metaphor from sadness, anguish or misery. And the wind can simply took the sorrow out of the tree, still, the wind only remove it and the melancholic trait that has been cleansed, may outgrowth again sometimes because its humane for it to happens. There is also potency that tree might a metaphor for a man but, in the next line, the poet already talked about it so this hypothesis could not fully-a ccurately correct.â€Å"I had walked on at the wind’s will –â€Å" the third line is about a man that always seems walk as the wind’s guidance. There is also an old proverb that said â€Å"only dead fish follow the stream† which is matched with the inner meaning in the third line. By not having a spirit of independency, this man chose to follow the path that the wind makes for him. But, what makes this man would did such a not-manly act? It should have a relation with a word in previous line, â€Å"dead†. The poet used the word â€Å"dead† to emphasize the next line’s meaning or this line’s, it is an anguish that made the man paralyzed, not able doing something by himself. â€Å"I sat now, for the wind was still.†At least, in the fourth line, this man stopped because the same thing also happened to the wind, it become stagnate just like in the first line’s point. The man do nothing but sit, seems waiting for ano ther wind to guide him again. If we stop too in this line, we can see the voidness in the man’s mind, he would be daydreaming or blank-staring his surrounding. This emptiness of his mind has lead to something that might be crucial and it is a lack of faith. If a faithful person even without resolve in his heart, experiencing the same condition, he might pray to his God instead of  daydreaming and asking for His guidance to overcome this stranded plight. Overall, the first stanza was merely an intro for the next stanzas, obviously.By completely talking about the setting of place in first stanza that were a hill with trees and gust of relaxing wind, it is included as somewhat parts of aestheticism. The first reason, of course, it was not social-political themed stanza, the next reason is everything can be shifted with aesthetic element and â€Å"in aesthetic forms, cruelty becomes imagination: Something is excised from the living, from the body language, from tones, from vis ual experience.† (Adorno 68).Everything in each stanza in this poem have relation with Adorno’s opinion about aesthetic forms, for instance, in the first stanza it is about a man that grieving and let the winds dictates him, however it is just an imagination that comes from cruelty. It will be far more cruel if there were man that actually looks like in this poem. And the another aspect in Adorno’s opinion will be discussed later on. â€Å"Between my knees my forehead was –My lips, drawn in, said not Alas! My hair was over in the grass,  My naked ears heard the day pass.† (5th – 8th line)The second stanza have a repetition of words â€Å"my†, the possesion form of ‘me’ and ‘I’. Besides of granting this poem with aestheticism by doing those repetition, there is also another meaning behind it. The poet intends to fill the second stanza with â€Å"ego† because â€Å"my† in this case representing a n ego, a personality. Though, the second stanza mostly illustrate the man’s body language, how he faced the void that he experienced. It cover up the fourth line’s hypothesis, that the man is not doing nothing at all, he make a motion to uncover his agony by doing this and that. â€Å"Between my knees my forehead was –â€Å" this line depicts his current position, he bent his body forward and place his head on his knees till his forehead touched it.That gesture shows him in an awful state of mind and insecure feelings, he might be grieving for his mistakes in the past or others problem that he has in his life. Moreover, this gesture was commonly known to express the deep suffering of mind and usually followed by tears that overflowing from the eyes, however, he did not cry at all. In matter of fact, he is a man and it is weird for even a man to cry for whatever the burden that he bear because  in those time, the patriarchal era, it is a time where the man al ways described as tough being and crying is for a women. So, even he has a big problem, he would not cry no matter what the problem is.â€Å"My lips, drawn in, said not Alas!† in sixth line, it can be judged how big his misery is. Even a word can not describe it, his lips drawn in means he does not even have a force to speak any words, yet, he want to yell â€Å"Alas!† for blowing off the steam but that word were not even match with his pain. Looks like his anger would multiplied for not being able to cried it outloud, still we can see him as a man with full of patience for being able to surpress his anger over his misery. â€Å"My hair was over in the grass,† in the seventh line is representation of anti-climax if we assume that the sixth line was a climax. In this line, it can be implied that he finally lie his body over the grass till the poet depicts it with his hair was over on the grass. It can be also stated that this man was already in stage of acceptanc e for lying his body over the grass, it seems he already accept the truth or the cruelty in his life.â€Å"My naked ears heard the day pass† by lying around after sitting with full of misery in the previous line, the eighth line define that the day has passed casually. In this line too, the poet combined two things that will not relate to each other yet he succeed to make it become one, Dante clarified that ears can heard the sound of the day pass by. It is weird to even imagining how the day pass’s sound, though. Nevertheless, Dante prevailed to make impression to the reader that it might have a peaceful or calm sound because it is the first time in this poem he describe the audible situation. Dante did not put any weird sound before, and yet the man in this poem heard something, so, it should be the sound of the tranquility. â€Å"My eyes, wide open, had the run  Of some ten weeds to fix upon;† (9th – 10th line)Unlike the previous lines that analyzed one by one, the ninth and tenth line have to be evaluated as one wholeness because it seems to connected yet separated as different line, this poem were written in iambic tetrameter anyway, and it would ruin the artistic part of the poem if those line were in one line. Thus, the man eyes widely open and he saw ten weeds near him, there is no special metaphor linked with these lines. Even so, this is also the first time in this poem for the man to pay attention to his surrounding  with his own very eyes.The previous panorama or landscape that described by the poet in preceding line were merely the poet’s imagery, not the man’s visual imagery. It is as well as the Adorno’s opinion previously, aetheticism can be reached by showing a visual experience, now the man had his eyes widely open and saw ten various weeds, which is nice. It also means that the field were full with green-coloured scenery due to all those weeds, green is categorized as bright colour which i s can also means a happiness, merry, just like spring’s scape. Although, he finally notice his surrounding, in no matter of time, he quickly noticed that there were ten kind of weed based in his vision. Is he a botanist? Or nature lovers? For immediately knowing there were ten different plant may be his brief assumption, but that is not the point in here, right? The truly case were located in next line and these lines were just an intro to lead this points in there. â€Å"Among those few out of the sun,  The woodspurge flowered, three cups in one.† (11st – 12nd line)The eleventh line implied the situation is happened in daytime for sun lightened those plants on the field. If we paid more attention, the third stanza were less with grieving content, everything gradually become more serene. No more sadness, no more wistful part in this stanza because the man just back to his senses, previously, he just a hollow-vessel with nothing to struggle for. Finally, he not iced his surrounding and even the smallest detail like the ten weeds, although he only noticed the woodspurge for the most, a plant with â€Å"All parts are highly toxic by ingestion; sap may irritate skin and eyes.† (â€Å"Plant Selector†).Euphorbia amygdaloides var. Robbiae is the another name for woodspurge, and it is unique for having three cups in one. Usually, â€Å"The mature flowers take a Single form, with an approximate petal count of 2† (â€Å"Plant Database†). So, it is rare occasion for found a three-petal woodspurge, In addition, a clover plants mostly have three petals and myths said that clover with four-leaves will bring a luckiness to the person who found it. Thus, what is the meaning behind from found a three-petals woodspurge? Will they bring fortune to whoever found it? Well, I rest my case for this aside and some professional said â€Å"the flower reminds us of the central mystery of Christianity: the Holy Trinity of the Father, Son , and Holy Ghost; the Trinity that breaks the rule of  fate.† (Nield). And how it can related to aestheticism?As a commoner, I put simply the metaphor of woodspurge is a faith in God. It all makes sense, at the first, he wander aimlessly seeking for nothing as the wind guides him until he stopped in peculiar area where he found a three-petals woodspurge that makes him in ease. Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, however, have a goal to make literary works become more aesthetic, more religious and have more connection with nature to confront Victorian’s literary works that full with socio-political, overly-scientific literary works which made the people’s faith fade away deliberately. â€Å"From perfect grief there need not beWisdom or even memory;† (13rd – 14th line) Again, these lines have to consider as one unity, and it have a deepful meaning in this part. The poet chose the word â€Å"perfect† to make the readers feel the absolute depression th at the man had, it is not for asking a pitiness to the man, it is about sending a ‘message’. After that man saw a woodspurge, his mind became soften then he learnt something â€Å"you will got nothing from grief, not even wisdom or even memory.†Which means there is no value for being blue over something, and its said that not even a sad memory will retain in mind, something that started with tragedy or bad things will certainly ended with tragedy too. It is true, though, and every one would not keep something bitter in their head for a long time. Somebody might choose to erase or pretend for bad incident that have occured instead of mourning it endlessly because in the end those memories will washed away for sure. â€Å"One thing then learnt remains to me –The woodspurge has a cup of three.† (15th – 16th line) In this last two lines, the poet expressed the important thing as a friendly reminder for him. In the end, he finally have one thing t o learn that woodspurge has a cup of tree which also have another meaning, if he become stuck in grief again, he should remember that there are God and his kindness that always guide him in to right path and it symbolized with three-petals woodspurge. Therefore, the last stanza is endearment of his sorrow because he certainly re-ignited his faith with nature’s help indirectly.ConclusionDante Gabriel Rossetti, one of the founder of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, vowed to make a movement for opposing the Victorian’s mediocre literature work theme such a socio-political, science and industries that overwhelming in those times. Dante and his confidant, thus imbued Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood’s era with Aetheticism, that more linked with nature, faith and religion in sense of beauty nuance. This poem, nevertheless, were reflectioned to the people at those times, when the religion and faith were not as strong as before.Dante used wind as representation of nature and as a device to mediate people until their faith revived again, just like in this poem. Thanks to the wind, that grieving man led to a woodspurge that reminds him to his God. And it is all the Dante wanted, he wished that every people would not forget and surrender in their faith. If they did, just remember how beautiful the world it is and eventually they will keep in their mind that everything were a God’s creation.

Imposing consumption tax on Saudi consumers and its contribution in promoting economic growth Essay

Introduction Saudi economy mostly relies on oil industry and its government has much control over natural resources and main economic activities in the land.   Ultimately, the economy of Saudi is centrally planned and therefore has free market economy. As it can be affirmed, oil industry contributes to approximately 45% of the total budget revenue hence making it imperative to the growth of the country. Till now, Saudi Arabia does not think that there is any need for consumption tax however, the country may face many problems in the future what may affect the economy if the oil dry out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A recent analysis from Citigroup has raised the alarming possibility that Saudi Arabia might become a net oil importer by 2030[Could Saudi Arabia’s Oil Exports Dry Up?, 2012]. However, in order to Find a Solutions to contribute in raising Saudi Arabia economy for long run, and Focusing in another source rather than oil.   In order to maintain economic stability, we want to study the possibility of imposing consumption tax beside zakat on Saudi consumers and how it will contribute in promoting economic growth. Basic concept According to the dictionary, Zakat iscalled (Islamic tax) or (religious tax), it is an annual tax on Muslims comprising percentages of personal income of every kind to aid the poor in the Muslim community.[zakat] Research aim The research aim is to determine the possibility of imposing consumption tax on Saudi consumers beside zakat and how it will contribute in promoting economic growth Sub problems; 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How consumption tax contributes in promoting economic growth. A)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why consumption tax. B)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mechanism of economic growth. C)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Identify mechanism of promoting economic growth by consumption tax. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The possibility of imposing consumption tax on Saudi consumer. A)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analyze tax system for promoting economic growth. B)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Analyze Zakat system for promoting economic growth. C)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compare (a) and (b) to determine the possibility of imposing consumption tax (the importance or how valuable is the consumption tax). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Determine the possibility of using consumption tax for promoting economic growth of Saudi Arabia. Research Objectives As noted in the above information, the main aim or purpose of conducting this research is to investigate the possibility of imposing consumption tax on Saudi consumers beside zakat and how it will contribute in promoting economic growth. The following information provides the objectives and research questions for the study. Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  To determine the importance of tax particularly in promoting the growth of economy Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚      To analyze all best and possible means of imposing consumption tax on Saudi consumer Ø  Ã‚  Ã‚     To determine the possibility of using consumption tax for promoting economic growth of Saudi Arabia Hypothesis Various studies conducted on consumption tax have revealed that consumption tax has a major effect on the country’s economic activities which can greatly affect economic growth, so in this paper we investigate how consumption tax contributes in promoting economic growth. We hypothesized that imposing consumption tax contributes in promoting the growth of Saudi Arabia’s economy. We also hypothesized that the difference between tax system and zakat system will contribute in determine the importance of the consumption tax. Literature review Essentially, previous research indicates a close relationship between introduction of consumption tax and economic growth in a country. Many economists argue that imposing a consumption tax implies increase in government revenue and thus increase in the country GDP which is essential in reflecting the country’s economic growth. There are limited studies tried to identify the relationship between tax structures and economic growth, Here is some of the related literature:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arnold, J. (2008) has focused in studying and analyzing  Ã‚   the relationship between tax structures and economic growth by enteringindicators of the tax structure into a set of panel growth regressions for 21 OECD countries; he found the following results: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Income taxes are associated with significantly lower economic growth and lower levels of GDP per capita than consumption tax and property tax. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Respectively, property taxes, and particularly recurrent taxes on immovable property, then consumption taxassociated with the highest levels of GDP per capita. Therefore, these taxes are the most growth friendly taxes in economic growth. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Corporate income taxes have morenegative effects on GDPthan personal income tax. In general, the relationship between the income taxes and growth is negative relation. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The progressivity of income taxes and growth are negatively related. Also, Widmalm (2001), Padovano and Galli (2002) studied the relationship between progressivity of income taxes and economic growth in 25 countries, they reached the same result, the progressivity of income taxes and economic growth are negatively related. Various studies conducted on consumption tax have revealed that consumption tax has a major effect on the country’s economic activities which can greatly affect economic growth. Brys (2010) in his book ‘OECD Tax Policy Studies Tax Policy Reform and Economic Growth’ outlines the various effects consumer tax can have on economic activities of a country.In the book, he states that consumer tax will affect employment and working hours, affect international trade and regulate the activities of the underground economy. Brys continues to state that differentiated consumer tax will encourage people to work, lead to a yield in environmental benefits and reduce inequalities in income. When all these factors are brought together, economic activities of a country are likely to be affected in various ways. Methodology Research approach A good research is the one that provides answers to the research questions, validity, objectivity, accuracy, and economy. A research design is the plan and structure of investigation to obtain answers to research questions. The study adopted a qualitative survey structure. Qualitative research is also adopted since it investigates the social constructivist paradigm and relies on the socially constructed reality nature.   It aims to fundamentally record, analyze as well as determine the significance and meaning of imposing consumption tax on Saudi consumers and its contribution in promoting economic growth. The approach is not initially based on any data to be compared but on the perceptions of those who have experience and knowledge based on consumption tax and its potential in enhancing economic growth of a country. The qualitative research approach here supports positivism whereby although there is no data to be compared as part of quantitative research, the fundamental construct of the research is based on a reality that cannot be changed. The type of this study requires to use qualitative research, in this study we will gathering data from the past studies related to our theme (about the effect of tax on economic growth and then, we will analyses this data And weight all the Pros and Cons, advantage and disadvantage of all type of taxes and decide which type is best for the growth of the economy. We will analyze both of tax system and zakat system and their relation with economic growth, then comparing both system and find the similarities and difference between them. Then study those differences and find solutions that may contribute in the economic growth of Saudi Arabia. Data analysis and discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The raw materials were collected in a systematically organized manner that facilitates the analysis. To permit qualitative analysis, the data received was edited to ensure completeness, consistency, and uniformity before being analyzed to make it meaningful information regarding the study theme which is implications of imposing consumption tax in Saudi Arabia. Collectively the data analyzed enables the study to establish the relationship of consumption tax and economic growth. References Brys, B., & Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.(2010). Tax policy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   reform and economic growth. Paris: OECD. Could Saudi Arabia’s Oil Exports Dry Up? (2012Ã¥ ¹ ´octoberæÅ"ˆ3æâ€" ¥). Ã¥ â€šÃ§â€¦ §Ã¥â€¦Ë†: nvesting daily:http://www.investingdaily.com/15734/could-saudi-arabias-oil-exports-dry-up almohainykhaledmohammed. (2003). The role of the tax in the process of economic and social development. Damascus University Journal , Volume 19 – Issue II. zakat. (æâ€" ¥Ã¤ »ËœÃ¤ ¸ Ã¦ËœÅ½). Ã¥ â€šÃ§â€¦ §Ã¥â€¦Ë†: dictionary: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/zakat Arnold, J. (2008), â€Å"Do Tax Structures Affect Aggregate Economic Growth?: Empirical   Ã‚   Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries†, OECD Economics Department   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working Papers, No. 643, OECD Publishing. Bleaney, M.F.; N. Gemmell and R. Kneller (2001), â€Å"Testing the Endogenous Growth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Model: Public Expenditure, Taxation and Growth Over the Long-Run†, Canadian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal of Economics, Vol. 34(1), pp. 36-57. Schwellnus, C. and J. Arnold (2008), â€Å"Do Corporate Taxes Reduce Productivity and Investment at the Firm Level? Cross-country Evidence from the Amadeus Dataset†, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, forthcoming.

What Are Subdivided Flat Essay - 1572 Words

1.1 Background of Study What is subdivided flat? Subdivided flats are two or above individual rooms sliced out of a flat of a building. Accounting to Society for Community Organisation(SoCO), more than 40,000 Hong Kong children are living in subdivided flats where can’t fulfil basic living standards set out in a United Nations convention (2016). SoCO (2014) found out that lack of space for children to study and play are common problem in subdivided flats. The interactive play experience with families and peers is also highly reduced due to living environment of subdivided flat. Almost 80% of children have never invited their friend to their home, the main reasons are â€Å"lack of space for playing† (80.9%) and â€Å"nothing to play† (64.9%). The situation strips their chance to make friends which affects their personality growth. More than 60 % of child have never played with parents and brothers/sisters at home due to the limited activity space and lack of game/toy. 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Both the probably difference of node density among some regions of the network and the energy constraint of the sensor nodes cause nodes slowly die making the network less dense. Also it is quite common to deploy WSNs in harsh environment, what makes many sensors inoperable or faulty. For that reason, these networks need to be fault-tolerant so that the need for maintenance is minimized. Typically the network topology is continuously and dynamically changing, and it is actually not a desiredRead MoreThe Pain Scale By Eula Biss1348 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the point in measuring something that is unique to every individual? In â€Å"The Pain Scale,† the author, Eula Biss, attempts to convey her pain to the reader. She tells the reader how she has tried to describe and measure her pain. There is a system set up for doing so, but it leaves much up to individual interpretation. The arbitrary process by which we are supposed to evaluate the level of pain we are experiencin g doesn’t seem to accomplish much. Throughout the essay, Biss uses uniqueRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words   |  7 Pagesfor a reason. Along with the purpose of the text comes the central idea, or what the text is about. Think about the different types of texts you have read in all your different classes. What was the idea behind some of them? Today s lesson objective is: Students will be able to determine the central idea of a text. Think about a text you have read recently. Was it a text on science or history? Maybe it was a narrative? What was the idea behind the text? A text about the life of a slave might haveRead MoreReview: Argonauts of the Western Pacific by Bronislaw Malinowski1684 Words   |  7 Pagesexperimentation to possibly find an answer or conclusion. I agree it is of the utmost importance, as stated by Malinowski, to study â€Å"what concerns man most intimately, that is, the hold which life has on him.† Also very well put, â€Å"to study the institutions, customs, and codes or to study the behaviour and mentality without the subjective desire of feeling by what these people live, of realising the substance of their happiness-is, in my opinion, to miss the greatest reward which we can hope to obtain

Globalization And Its Effect On Society Essay - 2301 Words

Globalization is the process in which economic, political, social, and cultural differences are lessened by the exchange of goods and ideas across national boundaries. Greater interactions among countries eliminate the barriers created by distance. The speed and scope of globalization led to differing opinions about the positive or negative impacts on society. Proponents of globalization argue that free trade and free movement of labor allows more variety of consumer goods, allocation of skilled workers, and a continuous flow of new ideas to any market around the world. While opponents of globalization claim that the creation of an international free market has a huge pressure on the individuals of the developed nations who are at risk out job outsourcing. Overall, economic globalization has had a positive effect on free trade and economic prosperity for developed countries, which can be deemed greater than the negative effect on some developing nations by expanding their domestic in come inequality disparity. For thousands of years, people—and, later, corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other; at first, performing sales transactions with neighboring communities and later, with neighboring countries. The end of communism in the last decade of the twentieth century opened a new route of capitalist enterprise. Advances in telecommunications and computers meant the whole world could communicate quickly and easily, and the growth of multinational corporationsShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Effects On Society939 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization can be described as the interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations (http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/). For the past century, there have been countless debates over whether the effects of globalization are positive or negative. The topic of globalization is seen as one of the most debatable topics in our current society and is often discussed during political debates before elections. This paper will focus on theRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Society1011 Words   |  5 Pagescalled globalization. Globalization has reformed almost every industry and affects billions of lives whether you realize it or not. Around the world, people view international trade as a good thing but this is hindered by concerns about its side effects. To find the balance between pros and cons associated with globalization, citizens everywhere need to know how globalization works. This includes its effects on the e nvironment, culture, political systems, and overall the wellbeing of societies aroundRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effect On Society1546 Words   |  7 PagesJoona A. Pang Ant 126 The term globalization is so saturated with conclusive idealism that such economic philosophy can only appear to intend principles of fairness or freedom. Before the 18th century, the belief was that societies were in a state of decline amongst ancient civilizations. However, during the Enlightenment period, the notion of progress became pervasive, which eventually prompted sociological and cultural revolution, the Western stage theories of progress. In the course,Read MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Society Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesIn modern societies, globalisation has become an issue having various impacts on many nations around the world. The issue can be described as â€Å"a process in which physical, political, economic, and cultural barriers separating different regions of the world are reduced or removed, thereby stimulating exchanges in goods, services, money, and people.† (Hamilton Webster, 2015, p.5). On the one hand, globalisation has numerous goo d effects on the development of countries, such as diminishing trade barriersRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effect On Society1240 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization and the use of new technologies and how it strengthens or weakens global inequalities Globalization is a very important force in the new world and it continues to impact the lives of individuals as well as groups world over. The role and affect of globalization has broadened over time. It has resulted in the lessening of trade barriers, integration of the economy of the world, increase in opportunities for groups and individuals alike and an increase in the economic well being andRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Society844 Words   |  4 Pagestextbook on globalization for example opened my eyes to I am truly affected by globalization, from the clothes I have on my body to the laptop, books and cell phone I have at my fingertips. Companies are able to make the most profit and keep prices reasonable if they globalize. Even though globalization is shown to be a positive advantage for the core countries that are industrialized commercialism versus the developing countries that rely on labor given to them. In doing so, globalization has causedRead MoreGlobaliz ation And Its Effects On Society Essay1780 Words   |  8 PagesSociety has proven time after time to have the inherent tendency of turning a blind eye upon its flaws, particularly when putting people benefiting from privilege and power in jeopardy of being questioned. Peeling back the reasons which justify the way cultural expectations and behaviors of our society are normalized unveils fundamental issues rooting from discrimination towards race, gender, social class, and age. 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However, analyzing past and present occurrences provides some information for experts to interpret society’s reaction in the future to different transformations. Globalization can be seen as a process in which societies around the world come together and expand through the combination of different forces. This paper will explore the effects of globalizationRead MoreGlobalization: Its Effects on our Society Today A Brief History1435 Words   |  6 PagesWhat Is â€Å"Globalization†? Globalization is the growth, expansion and integration of different systems such as economics, culture and politics on a global scale. Western countries went to third world countries and persuaded their citizens by blaming their economical and social problems on their technological backwardness rather than the exploitative nature of their political system. By accomplishing this, the western countries gain entry into the nations and trade technology for resources and labour

Ferris Bueller and Catcher in the Rye Comparative Essay

Ferris Bueller and Catcher in the Rye – Comparative Essay Salinger’s 1951 novel, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, and John Hughes’ 1987 teenage comedy film â€Å"Ferris Bueller’s Day Off†, both reflect the lives of teenagers in a time span of nearly 40 years. The two authors successfully convey society’s values on materialism and education in the two different eras using language and a variety of techniques. These values have affected both Holden Caufield and Ferris Bueller, the former negatively and the latter positively, as will now be discussed. Salinger was born in New York in 1919 and wrote The Catcher in the Rye in 1951, and the values in the book reflected values in America at that time. A major value which society followed during that era†¦show more content†¦Unlike Holden, Ferris is depicted as a character who accepts the values of society in order to accomplish what he wants. Hughes’ successfully uses camera techniques such as low camera angles and strong music to show the confidence Ferris possesses. Ferris breaks through the fourth wall when he explains to viewers how to act sick and that it is his â€Å"final chance to have a good time†, showing acceptance for the changes in the future. What Ferris says, such as â€Å"If I’m going to be busted, it’s not going to be by a guy like him† and â€Å"So I can have a fruitful life† reveals his arrogance and disrespect for the values of society. By setting the movie in Chicago, Hughes reflects on the values of society. The wide aerial shot of Chicago and then scenes of modern music and high rise buildings, and the camera shot from the top as Ferris goes to the Sears Tower shows people all rushing to work, but no faces are seen, which represents the lacking of individuality as they all try to aim for the highest in a city full of materialism. As teenagers start to become rebellious after WWII, the private education system is seen as a corrupt system. The education system is introduced via the Pencey Prep motto â€Å"Since1888 we have been moulding boys into splendid, clear-thinking young men.† On the same advertisement, Holden talks about the â€Å"guy on the horse playing polo† and says that he has never seen a single

Taxation - Theory - Practice and Law Capital Gains Tax

Question: Discuss about theTaxation,Theory,Practice and Law for Capital Gains Tax. Answer: Capital Gains Tax In the base of Australia, CGT is imposed by persuading with the net gains as the later is treated as the taxable incomes during an assessment year when the capital assets held by the assessee for sale or disposal. If the assessee holds the capital assets for 1 year or more then the gains from the sale or disposal of the same is allowed with a discount of 50% exclusively for the individual taxpayers and 33.3% for the superannuation funds. For attaining capital gains, only capital assets can be held for sale or despatch. Capital assets are the assets that are owned and possessed by the assessee for any business or professional purposes or even any private purposes. Capital assets include any property, whether movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, fixed or circulating assets in nature (Arnold, et al., 2011). For paying the capital gains tax, it is important that the assessee works out on the capital gains and capital losses if any from the disposal or sale of the capital assets. Capital gains tax is imposed on the net capital profits/losses attained by the taxpayers at the time of sale of the assets. Capital gains from the sale of the capital assets are prone to tax at the standard rates of income tax available in Australia. Capital gains are computed by deducting the cost base from the full value of consideration or rather the sale value of capital assets when set out for sale. The cost base is the summation of the following three components: Purchase cost of the property Costs associated to the improvement Any incidental charges for buying and disposing the property for sale Any non-capital cost of ownership with effect from 21st august 1991 Again, the applied capital gains tax rule in Australia states that if the asset is held with the assessee for less than 1 year, the gains attained from the disposal of that particular asset is not indexed. The concept of indexation is usually applicable for the derivation of the long term capital gains (Clarke, et al., 2011). As a result, when the property is held for less than 1 year, the gains are short term in nature and thus are not indexed. Long term Capital gains = Sale consideration Indexed cost of acquisition Indexed cost of acquisition = Actual cost of acquisition x [Index in the year of sale / index in the year of acquisition] In the base of Australia, the concept of indexation is applied depending upon the date of acquisition. If the assets are purchased on after 21st September 1999, then the capital gains are unindexed and are discounted @ 50%. Again, if the property is acquired prior 21st September 1999, indexation is applied based on the movements of the consumer price index (CPI) and the indexation is static as at 30th September 1999. Application of capital gains tax is valid on the personal use of the assets and any other collectables. But these are categorized differently. Any capital losses can be set off only against capital gains under the same category and no other category. Fred in the given case scenario acquired the property in 1987, i.e. before 21st September 1999. Then Fred is a taxpayer as per the CPI from 1985-1999. Since the property was acquired on 1987, the CPI is to be considered as 81.4. For deriving the capital gains from the sale of the property, Fred shall deduct the cost base from the sale consideration and the indexation will not be applied as the property was acquired before 21st 1999. Computation of the capital gains tax in given case scenario can be shown as below: Particulars Amount AUD ($000) Amount AUD ($000) Full value of consideration from the sale of the holiday home (1) 8, 00, 000 (-) Miscellaneous costs - legal charges 1, 100 - Commission of the agents 9, 900 Total costs for the acquisition of holiday home (2) 11, 000 Residual value of the property (1-2) = 3 7, 89, 000 (-) acquisition costs 1, 00, 000 (-) stamp duty 2, 000 (-) improvement and development costs to build garage on the premises of the holiday home 20, 000 (-) legal fees 1, 000 Total costs for disposal of the asset (4) 1, 23, 000 Capital gains from the sales (3-4) = 5 6, 66, 000 (-) Discount @ 50% on (5) = 6 3, 33, 000 Capital gains (5-6) = 7 3, 33, 000 However, as per the tax implications, any capital losses from the sale of the assets shall be set of only against capital gains from sale of the property under the same category. The amount of capital loss from the sale of the shares amounting to AUD $ 10, 000 shall be set off against the capital gains earned by Fred from the sale of the holiday home at Blue Mountains. The calculations are depicted below: Particulars Amount AUD ($000) Capital gains from the sale of holiday home = 3, 33, 000 Less: Capital loss from the sale of the shares = 10, 000 Net capital gains available in hand = 3, 23,000 Fred is allowed to pay tax on the amount of AUD $ 3, 23, 000 based on the current assessment year as per the tax implications as per the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. In accordance to the provision of Part IIIA of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1999, the assets were acquired before 25th June 1992. If the loss would have arose from the sale of an antiques, then the amount of capital assets shall be quite different from the sale from the sale of the shares (Gutirrezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Puigarnau and Van Ommeren, 2011). The capital losses attained from the sale of the antiques shall be considered as the sale of personal uses. Considering the fact that the antique vase was acquired before 1992, the antiques are categorized under the exemptions from capital gains tax. Accordingly, the capital losses then would not have been possible against the sale of the house property since antiques are assets for personal effects. Case Study 2: Fringe Benefit Tax Fringe Benefit Tax is also known as FBT is the tax that usually an employer has to pay off in respect to the benefits that are enjoyed by the employees working in his/her workplaces. Moreover, a FBT is considered as the major attempt for the employers to impose tax implications on the benefits that were most probably avoided by the tax payers. The services that are usually provided to the taxpayers are several privileges, benefits, amenities that are provided from employers end to the employees (Scott, et al., 2012). FBT was usually charged @ 30% of the benefits provided by the employers. There are some exemptions for FBT and these are as follows: Expenses on the food and beverages that are not incurred during the working hours Payment of the fees for taking voluntary participation in any conferences Any expenses incurred for meeting all the statutory and legal requirements as per the government norms FBT is different from the income tax and is always applied on the taxable value of the fringe benefits rendered by the employers to the employees. FBT is charged with effect from1st April to 31st March of the current assessment year. In Australia, FBT is levied as per the Australian Tax System and is applicable for any non-cash benefits provided by the employer to his employees. FBT is applicable regardless of the fact that whether the non-cash benefits are provided directly or indirectly to the employees by the employers or to any other associate of the employees who work at the same workplace. In Australia, FBT was levied initially in 1986 and with effect from 1986 the employers are levied with FBT. In Australia, the benefits include any non-cash benefits apart from the compensation, salaries, wages, rewards, bonuses etc. For example, any health related benefits, child education benefits, company car for official purposes and personal uses, loanable fringe benefits etc. (Tiley and Loutzenhiser, 2012). When the benefits are regarded as exemptions to FBT, then it does not necessarily mean that it is not an FBT. But that then is computed as 0% FBT liability. Again, as per the rules of Australian FBT rules, when the employer of any organization provides his/her employees with car, then it is not necessary that the employer is imposed to FBT, provided the car is equally used for the personal uses. As per the FBT considerations of 2008, the exemption for FBT on electronics benefits were removed. As per the budget of 2015-2016, the federal government of Australia has brought some changes for FBT on the meal entertainment and holiday accommodation. FBT is now however applicable for several benefit housing; accommodation; meal; dinner etc. In the given case scenario, Emma is using the car for her personal use, [assuming that she is using the car by 50% for her personal use] the car provided by the management of Periwinkle Ltd. is optimally imposed to FBT. A car under FBT charges can be categorized as per three conditions: A car is a sedan or a station wagon Possesses the capacity to carry a maximum of 9 individuals at a time Also can carry goods weighing 1tonnes at a time The car that is used by Emma is categorized under two different categories effective for personal uses and also can be made effective for personal purposes (Woellner, et al., 2016). But a car is again is treated as an exemption under the following situations: Journey between home and the workplace Journey for the employment related works Non-work-related uses that is minor, irregular and uncommon Once the actual amount of the FBT increases the ultimate limit of AUD $ 2000, then the employee is obliged to file up tax returns on the benefits availed. Particulars Amount AUD ($000) A: Fringe benefit amount of the car = {original cost of the care * 2 * (350/1/2)} / 365 the actual contribution of the employee = $ {33, 000 * 2 * 175} / 365 0 = $ 31, 643.83 = $ 31, 644 (rounded figure) Note: the car was used for 50% for the personal uses by Emma B: Total FBT liability = $ 31, 644 * 47% = $ 14, 872.68 C: Fringe benefit tax on the loanable amount provided to Emma Loanable fund = $ 5, 00, 000.00 Interest rate charged = 4.45% Standard interest rate on loan in Australia = 5.95% The excess is to be filed as fringe benefit tax Therefore, Fringe benefit tax on loan = principle amount * difference of the interest rate * time = $ [5, 00, 000 * (5.95 -4.45) % * 6/12] = $ [5, 00,000 * 1.5 * 0.5] = $ 3, 75, 000 D: Fringe benefit on the sale of the bathtub Sale price of the bathtub = $ 2, 600 Acquisition cost = $ 1, 300 Manufacturing cost = $ 700 Amount of fringe benefit = Sale price acquisition cost Fringe benefit p= $ 1300 E: Total value of fringe benefits availed by Emma therefore is the summation of the fringe benefits in all the three cases = $ [31, 644 + 3, 75, 000 + 1,300] = $ 4, 07, 944 Therefore, the total value of fringe benefits can be derived as = $ 4, 07, 944 / 0.51 = $ 7, 99, 891 [Note: The car is utilized by Emma for her personal use @ 50%.] If Emma would have utilized the amount of AUD $ 50, 000 for personal use, instead of lending to her husband, then the amount of FBT would have been as follows: Particulars Amount AUD ($000) Fringe benefits on the loanable fund = $ [4, 50, 000 * (5.95 -4.45) % * 6/12] Gross amount of fringe benefit = $3, 37, 500 The entire amount of FBT shall be subjected to rules and Australian tax system as per IT Act 1997 provisions. Bibliography Arnold, J.M., Brys, B., Heady, C., Johansson, ., Schwellnus, C. and Vartia, L., (2011). Tax policy for economic recovery and growth.The Economic Journal,121(550), pp.F59-F80. Clarke, M., Seng, D. and Whiting, R.H., (2011). Intellectual capital and firm performance in Australia.Journal of Intellectual Capital,12(4), pp.505-530. Gutirrezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Puigarnau, E. and Van Ommeren, J.N., (2011). Welfare Effects Of Distortionary Fringe Benefits Taxation: The Case Of Employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Provided Cars.International Economic Review,52(4), pp.1105-1122. Scott, R.A., Currie, G.V. and Tivendale, K.J., (2012). Company cars and fringe benefit tax: understanding the impacts on strategic transport targets. Tax, C.G., (2010). Capital Gains Tax.NEWSLETTER. Tiley, J. and Loutzenhiser, G., (2012).Revenue Law: Introduction to UK Tax Law; Income Tax; Capital Gains Tax; Inheritance Tax. Bloomsbury Publishing. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., (2016).Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press. Yates, J., (2011), August. Housing in Australia in the 2000s: on the agenda too late?. InThe Australian Economy in the 2000s, Proceedings of a Conference, Reserve Bank of Australia, Sydney(pp. 261-296).

Taiwan Essays - Psychology, Emotions, Personal Life,

Taiwan Taiwan is a state in East Asia and some of its neighbors are Japan and Philippines. Officially is known as The Republic of China, even though is not a part of China. It is the first democratic country in Asia and is the last country using traditional Chinese as a first language for its people. In addition, is not part of the United Nations despite the fact that is a densely populated country and has a large economy .Even if it is one of the most populous states it has the lowest birthrate in the whole world. 35909251135380 Life satisfaction and happiness are related between them however they differ in measures of we ll-being. The relationship between income and happiness is measured by using data from Taiwan to study the macroeconomics of happiness, as National Happiness is used as an indicator to assess the performance of an economy . H appiness is an emotional state correlated directly to sudden changes in mood, whilst satisfaction is considered a judgmental state. Through the use of estimations models have been made to examine the determinants of happiness and satisfaction amongst Taiwanese people in a number of life domains such as family bonds, health, relationships with friends and financial situation .The results have suggested that higher income is associated with a higher level of personal well-being. While personal income has a strong positive effect on individual happiness .National income on the other hand, fails to have any significant effect either in the long or short run. A paradox was established by Easterlin in 1974, with prove included from Taiwan which states that higher income people in a country are happier. Nonetheless, economic growth fails to make people happier. After several researches from findings about statistical happiness it has been found that Nations as a whole, at least in the West, do not seem to get happier as they get richer. Furthermore, money does buy a reasonable amount of happiness; however, for a typical individual a doubling of a salary provides the same amount of happiness life events such as marriage and the birth of a baby offer. In addition, Happiness has a U-shaped in age as it falls off for a while, then stabilizes, and rises later in life. Two of the biggest negatives in life are unemployment and divorce. Generally, Married people report a higher degree of satisfaction and happiness, whilst unemployment reduces subjective well-being. Furthermore, individual's perso nal values such as lack of religious faith have strong effects on satisfaction. As a result is confirmed that personal characteristics reflect differently in terms of satisfaction and happiness according to the different domains of life. Like many countries in the world, Taiwan has undergone a steady increase in unemployment during the past several decades.Unemployed people are those who are willing and able to work, but are not currently employed .Unemployment is caused do to close down of businesses, unsatisfaction and new job seekers. Two types of Taiwan's unemployment include Frictional unemployment which results because it takes time for workers to find a job that suits their tastes and skills and structural unemployment is caused when some labor markets is inefficient to provide a job for everyone who needs one. Two main reasons of unemployment in Taiwan are industry outflow and over educated labor as undergraduate and master's degrees holders are overqualified for certain jobs. Labor with very high diplomas who's doing basic level job is also defined as a kind of unemployment in Taiwan. Because of lower wages within bigger markets, business men in Taiwan has increased their investment in China since the 70's r esulting to a reduction in demand of Taiwan's local labor .In addition, the global economic crisis affected the demand for exports of Taiwan. Firms made fewer profits and they gave no salary rests or even lay off workers .As far as employment is concerned jobs in prominent industries can be founds for IT and electronic products which are the most significant industries. While other popular industries include: chemicals, petroleum refining, motor vehicles and food processing. Industries available for skilled workers include furniture production, tool manufacture, office supplies, toys and domestic lighting products. Tourism is also considered to be one of the main developing